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NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY
Bloomberg • Forbes • The Spectator
Recipient of Foreign Policy's 2013 Albie Award
A powerful portrayal of Jeffrey Sachs's ambitious quest to end global poverty
"The poor you will always have with you," to cite the Gospel of Matthew 26:11. Jeffrey Sachs—celebrated economist, special advisor to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and author of the influential bestseller The End of Poverty—disagrees. In his view, poverty is a problem that can be solved. With single-minded determination he has attempted to put into practice his theories about ending extreme poverty, to prove that the world's most destitute people can be lifted onto "the ladder of development."
In 2006, Sachs launched the Millennium Villages Project, a daring five-year experiment designed to test his theories in Africa. The first Millennium village was in Sauri, a remote cluster of farming communities in western Kenya. The initial results were encouraging. With his first taste of success, and backed by one hundred twenty million dollars from George Soros and other likeminded donors, Sachs rolled out a dozen model villages in ten sub-Saharan countries. Once his approach was validated it would be scaled up across the entire continent. At least that was the idea.
For the past six years, Nina Munk has reported deeply on the Millennium Villages Project, accompanying Sachs on his official trips to Africa and listening in on conversations with heads-of-state, humanitarian organizations, rival economists, and development experts. She has immersed herself in the lives of people in two Millennium villages: Ruhiira, in southwest Uganda, and Dertu, in the arid borderland between Kenya and Somalia. Accepting the hospitality of camel herders and small-hold farmers, and witnessing their struggle to survive, Munk came to understand the real-life issues that challenge Sachs's formula for ending global poverty.
THE IDEALIST is the profound and moving story of what happens when the abstract theories of a brilliant, driven man meet the reality of human life.
- Sales Rank: #116289 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-09-10
- Released on: 2013-09-10
- Format: Kindle eBook
From Booklist
Jeffrey Sachs is a rock-star economist and advisor to leaders with struggling economies from Bolivia to Poland to Russia. He switched from hard-edged economist to humanitarian when he undertook to end world poverty, writing The End of Poverty (2005) and launching the Millennium Villages Project in 2006. It was a daring five-year project, financed by George Soros and like-minded donors, seeking answers to end poverty that were sustainable and transferable. Munk spent six years traveling with Sachs between African villages and donors’ meetings, living among villagers and project managers to get a sense of the progress of Sachs’ grand experiment. She chronicles efforts to reduce malaria and develop sustainable farming projects as well as head-on clashes with development officials and worries about encouraging dependency even as the project pushed for more market-oriented programs. Her accounts of the experiences of programs in Somalia and Uganda highlight the ebb and flow of enthusiasm, disappointment, resentment, and frustration among camel herders, farmers, and villagers as they struggled to survive while theories on poverty relief confronted harsh realities. --Vanessa Bush
Review
• "Munk artfully observes how Sachs's infectious enthusiasm and optimism bring attention [to the Millennium Villages Project]. . . . Students of economic policy and altruistic do-gooders alike will find Munk's work to be a measured, immersive study of a remarkable but all-too-human man who let his vision get the best of him." -- Publishers Weekly
• "Trenchant and thought-provoking" -- Kirkus Reviews
About the Author
NINA MUNK is a Contributing Editor at Vanity Fair, where she writes about business and finance, and the author of Fools Rush In: Jerry Levin, Steve Chase, and the Unmaking of AOL Time Warner. She was born in Brampton, Ontario, and lives in New York City.
Most helpful customer reviews
17 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
Sachs's Folly?
By T. Graczewski
The paperback edition of “The Idealist: Jeffrey Sachs and the Quest to End Poverty” was eagerly anticipated. Well, by me, at least. I have spent the past year reading broadly on the topic of economic development. Sachs’s 2005 bestseller, “The End of Poverty,” is by far the most optimistic and prescriptive of the lot. He declared triumphantly in that book: "The wealth of the rich world, the power of today's vast storehouses of knowledge, and the declining fraction of the world that needs help to escape poverty all make the end of poverty a realistic possibility by the year 2025." After serving a year on the ground as an economic development officer in Kandahar, Afghanistan in 2010, I’m skeptical of such sweeping and confident assertions concerning development. Nevertheless, I admired Sachs for the courage of his convictions.
According to her own account, author Nina Munk came to this project with an objective, open mind; if anything, she genuinely wanted to believe in the feasibility of Sachs’s grand and noble vision of eradicating poverty in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond. After six years researching this book, however, Munk is no fan of Jeffrey Sachs. In fact, I’m fairly confident she grew to loathe the man. By the end of the book, she dismissively refers to his many op-ed pieces in prominent publications as “jeremiads,” his rapid fire Twitter feed as embarrassing “screeds,” the man once tenured as a Harvard economics professor at the ridiculously tender age of 28 as a “sawed-off shotgun, scattering ammunition in all directions.”
Sachs is a controversial a character; his own book makes that clear. There are only two types of people in the world, according to “The End of Povery”: smart, noble people who agree with and unquestioningly offer their enthusiastic support to Jeffrey Sachs, and ignorant, unprofessional, and painfully misguided buffoons who do not. One of the main themes in “The Idealist” is that Sachs simply does not tolerate dissent, not matter how honestly and innocently voiced. “In effect,” Munk writes, Sachs demands that you “trust him, to accept without question his approach to ending poverty, to participate in a kind of collective magical thinking.” Any criticism or questioning of his vision or approach is reliably met with “…his usual impatience and blind faith,” often ending in cruelly directed scorn and humiliating name-calling, Or, as Munk describes it in one of her rare charitable moments toward the subject of her book: “It’s never easy to disagree with Jeffrey Sachs.”
One of the things I like and respect about Sachs is that he brings an entrepreneur’s vision and passion to the cause of poverty alleviation. I’ve lived and worked in Silicon Valley for 15 years and have observed that many legendary tech entrepreneurs (Gates, Jobs, Bezos, Musk, etc.) are famously prickly and impatient with those who fail to see the future that is so clearly visible to them. For these forward thinkers, arguably the genuine geniuses amongst us, “all seems impossible until it becomes inevitable.” They live a different world where “no idea is too far fetched,” which is how Munk describes Sachs.
Not too surprisingly, Sachs’s strident criticism of economic-development-business-as-usual has been met with hostility from those whom work in that system. Julie McLaughlin, the World Bank’s lead health specialist for Africa, echoes a common sentiment about Sachs, as quoted by Munk in “The Idealist”: “Jeff’s a televangelist, which seems to go over with some people, but I don’t find him all that articulate or charming. I don’t want to be lectured to.” Ah, yes, the lecturing. That’s how most development professionals unfavorably view Sachs’s approach to debate according to the author. “I don’t want to argue with you, Jeff, because I don’t want to be called ignorant or unprofessional,” one development professional is quoted as saying to Sachs in a crowded room after he delivered one of his predictably condescending, didactic, and undiplomatic public speeches on all that is wrong with development work in Africa. “I have worked in Africa for thirty years. My colleagues combined have worked in the field for one hundred plus years. We don’t like your tone. We don’t like you preaching to us. We are not your students. We do not work for you.” The bitterness and (I dare say) hate drip off every sentence. These people – the professionals at USAID, The World Bank, DFID, etc. – have developed a visceral hatred for Jeffrey Sachs. It’s a bug that Nina Munk evidently contracted during his six years on the job.
But what really “Hath Sachs Wrought?” He boldly defined a plan to eradicate poverty in the most depressed regions of the world. His ambitious goal: to help get these god-forsaken communities at least onto the first wrung of the economic development ladder. His tireless evangelism funded the first phase of his vision to the tune of $120M, most of it from liberal philanthropist George Soros. Sachs’s narrative ensured that outside economic support was only temporary. Once the combined basics of clean water, health care, malaria-preventing bed nets, transportation networks and so on were provided for, the local population would pull themselves up by their bootstraps and carry themselves out of poverty and into the twenty-first century as self-sufficient and innovative market capitalists. For many experienced sub-Saharan Africa development practitioners it all sounded hopelessly naïve, almost farcical. But, again, my view is (and was): why not give it a try? In 2008, I was director of corporate development at Intuit when we paid $170M for Mint.com, an online personal financial management solution that was barely earning $1M a year. The price tag of $120M to test Sachs’s ambitious proposal to eradicate poverty felt shamefully modest.
And that’s where this book left me wanting, perhaps because it’s still too early to tell. The author focuses on only two of Sachs’s model “Millennium Development Villages,” one in the badlands of northeastern Kenya, on the parched and lawless border with Somalia, and the other deep in the heart of rural Uganda. Both have experienced mixed results. On the one hand, the self-sufficiency that Sachs predicted was not irrefutably taking hold. On the other hand, pumping millions of dollars into these remote and miserably poor communities obviously had a positive impact: malaria rates were down dramatically; as was infant mortality; more people than ever had corrugated tin roofs over their homes, the African equivalent of a television in every house and two cars in the driveway. But how much of this superficial success is sustainable? Once Sachs and his dollar-rich foundation move on, will these villages be any better off ten or twenty years down the road?
The author’s mind is evidently made up. She dismisses even the early success of the project as illusionary. “By 2010 the Millennium Villages Project had become a cumbersome bureaucracy with hundreds of dependent employees,” she writes. “One hundred twenty million dollars and Sachs’s reputation were riding on the outcome of this social experiment in Africa. Was anyone prepared to smash the glass and pull the emergency cord?” But is it really necessary to pull the emergency cord just now, especially given the price tag for Phase 2? When you consider that top hedge fund managers earn over $1 billion (yes, billion) annually, is asking for another $100M that absurd? I realize that Sachs is a polarizing figure. In fact, I’m not particularly predisposed to like him; I’d rather kick him in the shins if I could, to tell the truth. But I’m not convinced that Sachs’s pie-in-the-sky vision has been fully discredited, at least not after reading “The Idealist,” which most certainly sought to discredit the man and his vision. Munk declares unequivocally that Sachs “…misjudged the complex, shifting realities in the villages. Africa is not a laboratory; Africa is chaotic and messy and unpredictable.” I’m 70% confident that she’s correct, although she didn’t make her case nearly as airtight as she evidently thinks she did. The most damning evidence of Sachs’s ill will presented by Munk is that he dismissed the assistance of celebrated MIT economist Esther Duflo to rigorously test the affects of intervention in the MVPs. Sachs evidently rejected such help because it treated global poverty alleviation like “testing pills.” It’s a shame that Sachs isn’t more open to a rigorous and scientific approach to testing his results.
I put this book down feeling even more depressed for the fate of sub-Saharan Africa than when I started, which was pretty depressed.
The cover photo in the paperback edition shows Sachs surrounded by African villagers. It's a photo well selected by Munk and her editors as it captures perfectly the mix of Sachs's arrogance and ridiculousness that Munk conveys in this book. I just sincerely hope that she isn't nearly as accurate as believes that she is.
33 of 39 people found the following review helpful.
One punch short of a knockout
By Laughing Bull
This is a very well-written book that flows more like a novel than a scholarly work. It highlights the surprising truth that giving away money isn't nearly as easy as it seems, and that the best laid plans of international donors almost always go awry.
It's also the story of one man's hubris, and the slow realization that the world is a very complicated place indeed.
However...
I repeatedly felt Munk was one punch short of a knockout. A random example: we're told that a latrine project failed because no one in the village thought it was their responsibility to maintain it. What we aren't told is WHY that happened. Did the Millennium Project neglect to put someone in charge? Or assign someone, but not pay them for their trouble? Or did the problem lie with the villager given the task? Why was there no supervision? And so on.
Similarly, we see a confident, arrogant, bullying Jeffrey Sachs at the beginning of the book; at the end he's more like a wet puppy coming in from the rain. What we don't see is the transition. What finally made him realize alleviating poverty wasn't going to be as easy as pouring lots of money on the problem? Was it a slow series of disappointments in the execution of existing projects? The failure to get fresh funds from donors? The realization that he'd never worked out how to make the villages self-sustaining?
I would have liked to see the dots connected, to understand HOW things unraveled as they did. That would have been a masterpiece of a book; as is, "The Idealist" is still worth reading.
28 of 33 people found the following review helpful.
Old-fashioned journalism that makes you think
By DRM
Nina Munk compellingly captures the tension between abstract concepts and human lives in this immersive examination of the thinking behind and the experiences within Jeffrey Sachs Millennium Villages Project. What is the real impact, in personal, human terms, when $120 million is poured into rural, sustenance-level communities? Munk juxtaposes the stories of Sach's insistent conviction that poverty is a scale problem that can only be solved with scale solutions with the struggles that confront the project villages in Africa that benefit from his largesse.
This is old-fashioned reporting in the absolute best-way: Munk lets us see, assess and judge for ourselves. And she helps us along the way with assured writing that captures the moment, the people and the place in the best way: vivid and crisp.
This book lets you feel a little smarter about something important, brings you close to lives of courage and folly, and makes you wonder about how to solve one of the most pressing problems of our age. Absolutely recommend it.
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